Sejin+Paik

Ms. Jacob! My wikispace crashed so all my previous assignments are piled up at the bottom of the page. Sorry for the mess.SEJIN PAIK'S SAT PRACTICE/ASSIGNMENTS

Practice #34
//**Choose the error.**// 1. People ** shouldn't never ** pump gas while a **car's** engine **is running,** because of the possibility **of a spark** causing a fire. **No error** 2. When Alicia **arrived** home, she found that the dogs ** had got into ** the trash and **spilled it** everywhere. **No error**

Practice #35
1. I had a dream that I turned into a cartoon character and a guy with an eraser **had chased** me for hours. a. had chased b. have chased c. did chase d. chased e. has chased
 * //Choose the answer that most improves the bolded portion of the sentence.//**

2. Silent movies use **music, actors'** expressions to convey emotions. a. music, actors' b. music, along with actors' c. music, together with actors' d. music but actors' e. music and actors '

Practice #36
(1) College tuitions are soaring, leaving many parents wondering if they will be able to afford higher education for their children. (2) Cutbacks in government aid combined with skyrocketing tuition are making it unfeasible even for families of moderate wealth to fully fund their children's educations. (3) In America, people say that you can be anything you want to be. (4) But getting an education is crucial if you hope to achieve the American dream.

1. With which of the following statements would the author of this passage most likely agree? a. The government should help students pay for college. b. The cost of a college education is unreasonable. c. Borrowing money for college may be the answer to rising education costs. d. An education is not necessary to succeed in America. e. High school students should think twice about going to college.

2. In sentence 2, the word "unfeasible" means a. possible b. unworkable c. indescribable d. indiscernible e. irreconcilable

Practice #37
//**Choose the answer that most improves the bolded portion of the sentence.**//

1. Some of the most beautiful fish in the world are found **not in either the Caribbean or the Mediterranean,** but rather in my aquarium. a. not in neither the Caribbean or the Mediterranean b. not in either the Caribbean nor the Mediterranean c. not in neither the Caribbean nor the Mediterranean d. in neither the Caribbean or the Mediterranean e. neither in the Caribbean nor in the Mediterranea n

2. The teacher always **told the class that their's no such thing** as a stupid question. a. told the class that their's no such thing b. told the class that their wasn't no such thing c. told the class that theirs no such thing d. told the class that there is no such thing e. told the class that there were no such things

Practice #38
//**Complete the sentence.**//

1. The priest's _ approach to the dilemma made sense even to the most confirmed __.__ a. enigmatic...optimist b. reluctant...participant c. influential...observer d. sporadic...cynic e. p ragmatic...skepti c

2. Th__e__ _ violinist has been amazing audiences since she was thirteen years old. a. financier b. tycoon c. philanthropist d. recluse e. virtuoso

Practice #39
(1) When television writers get stuck for ideas, they always seem to turn to the same old gimmicks. (2) One such gimmick is to get the main characters stuck somewhere, perhaps in an elevator, on an island, or on a plane that is going down. (3) The plot always unfolds in the same way: the characters reveal all sorts of intimate information, only to be rescued before the show ends. (4) Perhaps the most overused gimmick is the introduction of a celebrity into the cast of characters as someone's relative or love interest. (5) This move is a sure sign that the writers and producers have run out of fresh material.

1. Which of the following conclusions can be made based on this passage? a. TV writers and producers enjoy using gimmicks b. TV writers and producers all suffer from writer's block c. TV writers and producers sometimes succeed in persuading celebrities to appear on shows d. TV audiences cannot recognize a plot that is used in a multitude of settings and genres e. TV writers and producers are not nearly as creative as they often appear to be

2. Which of the following inferences can be made based on the passage? a. A small group of writers and producers write the material for most TV shows b. Using formulas is not the way to create successful TV shows c. There are only three main scenarios that writers use to invigorate shows d. Story lines must always feature original, never-before-seen content if a show is to be successful e. Certain scenarios and story lines are used in many kinds of shows.

Practice #40
1. His claim to fame is **b ecause ** he **was** once on a reality TV **show; however,** he got kicked off the show after the first episode. **No error.** 2. ** Its ** amazing how moviegoers **willingly** pay the exorbitant prices for popcorn, candy, **soda, and nachos at the theater. No error.**

Practice #41
//**Choose the answer that most improves the bolded portion of the original sentence.**//

1. Extra security **was hired** by the colleges for the football game. a. Extra security was hired by the colleges for the football game. b. Extra security were hired by the colleges for the football game. c. Extra security was hired for the football game by the colleges. d. The colleges hired extra security for the football game. e. The colleges were hired by extra security for the football game.

2. She broke her **nails trying to open the can of soda which had just been painted a beautiful shade of cherry red.** a. nails trying to open the can of soda which had just been painted a beautiful shade of cherry red b. nails, which had just been painted a beautiful shade of cherry red, trying to open the can of soda c. nails which had just been painted, trying to open the can of soda, a beautiful shade of cherry red d. nails while trying to open the can of soda which had just been painted a beautiful shade of cherry red e. nails trying to open the can of soda, which had just been painted a beautiful shade of cherry red

SAT #42
(1) Customers can accumulate points for using the ChargeMe credit card and then use those points to purchase great merchandise. (2) Points can even be used to go on a vacation to the Bahamas the Caribbean or Florida. (3) The marketing division of ChargeMe hopes that this points program will not only encourage existing customers to use their cards more; but will also actually encourage others to apply for a ChargeMe credit card. 1. Which of the following is the best revision of sentence 2? a. Points can even be used to go on a vacation to: the Bahamas, the Caribbean, or Florida b. Points can even be used to go on a vacation to; the Bahamas, the Caribbean the Virgin Islands or the British Isles. c. Points perhaps can possibly even be used to go on a vacation. d. Points can even be used to go on a vacation to the Bahamas, the Caribbean, or Florida e. Points can even be used to go on a vacation to the Bahamas; the Caribbean; or Florida.

2. Which revision does sentence 3 most need? a. Replace "but will actually" with "but may actually" b. Remove the semicolon between "more" and "but ." c. Replace "encourage" with "encourages." d. Remove "also." e. Add a comma after "points program

SAT #43
(1) The Barton County School District plans to launch a new program for evaluating its teachers. (2) BCSD is hoping that its pilot program can serve as a prototype for other districts across the state and even across the country. (3) The committee wants its evaluation program to measure a teacher's knowledge of his or her subject matter, effectiveness in the classroom, and demeanor in and out of the classroom.

1. Besides evaluating each teacher in the district, BCSD also hopes to do which of the following with its teacher evaluation program? a. offer the program as a model for other interested administrators b. determine teacher merit pay c. determine student placement based on teacher competency d. place teachers in suitable schools e. measure the relative intelligence of the district teachers

2. Which of the following will not be measured by the BCSD teacher evaluation program? a. a teacher's manner in a classroom setting b. a teacher's efficacy with students in a learning environment c. a teacher's behavior and conduct outside the classroom d. a teacher's comprehension of his or her main subject e. a teacher's expertise in cross-curricular subjects

1. Thea teacher's scribbled _ not only excited Sida, they _ her to keep up her hard work. a. complements...motivated b. compliments...motivated c. exhortations...exhilarated d. conflagrations...enervated e. dissertations...ameliorated
 * SAT #44**

2. Much to the dismay of the scientific community, the supported a theory that completely _ fifty years of accepted science. a. orator...collaborated b. recluse...embroiled c. prophet....disoriented d. novice...discredited e. evangelist...disregarded

SAT #45
1. All the **people in the office** overlooking the lake ** needs ** to be sure that their **computers are** turned off **before they leave** work on Friday. **No error.**

2. Louis **couldn't overcome** the embarrassment **of spilling** grape soda on ** they're ** carpet, **so he left**immediately. **No error.**

SAT #46
(1) Less than one percent of the money in the criminal justice system budget is spent on vocational training for inmates in state prisons. (2) Critics argue that if more money was spent on training, fewer prisoners would return to a life of crime. (3) If more money was spent on helping prisoners learn work skills, less money would have to be spent on processing and incarcerating convicts. (4) This is assuming, of course, that inmates want vocational training.

1. Which of the following inferences can be made based on the argument in the passage above? a. Inmates who receive vocational training will probably wind up back in prison. b. Inmates who receive vocational training are just as likely to commit crimes as those who do not receive vocational training. c. Inmates who receive vocational training are less likely to commit crimes upon their release. d. Tax money should not be spent on vocational training for inmates. e. The criminal justice system should reevaluate its priorities.

2. In sentence 3, the term "incarcerating" means a. setting free b. educating c. prosecuting d. imprisoning e. releasing

SAT #47
(1) Frank decided to open his own construction company. (2) His first move was to hire a crew. (3) He hired a carpenter. (4) He hired a plumber. (5) He hired an electrician and a concrete expert. (6) Frank wanted to advertise, so he put an ad in the newspaper and he ran the ad for three months. (7) Within a matter of just a few weeks, Frank had signed twelve contracts for new housing construction in three different subdivisions in of the city. (8) Frank was well on his way to succeess.

Which of the following is the best combination of sentences 2, 3, 4, and 5? a. Frank's first move was to: hire a crew, hire a carpenter, hire an electrician, and hire a concrete expert. b. Frank, as his first move, was to hire a crew that consisted of everything from a carpenter to a concrete expert. c. Frank's first move was to hire a crew consisting of a carpenter, a plumber, an electrician, and a concrete expert. d. A carpenter, a plumber, an electrician, and a concrete expert made up Frank's crew; he hired them. e. Frank first hired a carpenter, a plumber, an electrician, and then a concrete expert as his first move for a crew.

SAT #48
1. Bull riders **must surely have to really be** strong and brave. a. must surely have to really be b. surely must really have to be c. really must surely be d. have to surely be e. have to be

2. Doctors and **nurses, that work in emergency rooms,** often suffer from work-related stress. a. nurses, that work in emergency rooms, b. nurses who work in emergency room s c. nurses which, work in emergency rooms, d. nurses, who work, in emergency rooms e. nurses, whom work in emergency rooms,

SAT #49
(1) All humans need sleep in order to function on a day-to-day basis. (2) Some people need eight to ten hours of sleep each night, while other people need only four to six hours of sleep. (3) Some people like to stay up very late; others prefer to go to bed so they can wake up early. (4) While many people like to sleep on firm mattresses, others enjoy soft mattresses. (5 Clearly, there are as many variations of "a good night's sleep" as there are people who sleep.

1. In the context of the paragraph, which of the following revisions does sentence 1 most need? a. Add "However" to the beginning of the sentence. b. Replace "day-to-day" with "daily." c. Replace "All humans need" with "Every human needs." d. Offset the phrase "in order to function" with commas. e. Replace "basis" with "basic."

2. In which of the following places in the paragraph should the following sentence be added? //However, not all humans have the same sleep habits, preferences, and needs.// a. Add to the beginning of the paragraph b. Add between sentence 1 and sentence 2 c. Add between sentence 3 and sentence 4 d. Add to the end of the paragraph e. Combine with sentence 5

SAT #50
1. The new governor never (blank) any of his campaign promises, and as a result his supporters felt totally (blank). a. made...convinced b. encouraged...secured c. authored...bamboozled d. fulfilled...betrayed e. authenticated...disassociated

2. Sam idolized his brother and tried to (blank) him every respect. a. vindicate b. emulate c. propagate d. formulate e. integrate

SAT 51 (1) Some people enjoy old black-and-white movies, some enjoy science fiction shows, and others are addicted to reality TV. (2) I love infomercials. (3) I plan to build a website devoted solely to the infomercial. (4) My dream is to one day open an Infomercial Museum and Hall of Fame. (5) Despite what people say, I have not developed an unhealthy obsession with the products advertised in infomercials. (6) I'm fully aware that most of the products showcased on infomercials are junk. (7) I am interested primarily in infomercial marketing techniques, the salesmanship of the D-list celebrities who endorse the products, and the crazy gimmicks that manufacturers use to try to sell their goods. (8) Sales execs and ad agencies could learn a lot from the geniuses behind infomercials.

1. Which of the following is implied in the passage? a. The author has collected an impressive collection of vintage infomercial products. b. The author has accumulated a sizable debt because of an addition to infomercial products. d. The author never watches infomercials; he just records them. e. The author must be very wealthy, if he intends to open an infomercial museum.
 * c. People have made fun of the author for his interest in infomercials**.

2. Which of the following words best describes the author's account of his interest in infomercials? a. contentious b. contemporary c. convoluted e. condescending
 * d. candid**


 * SAT #52**

(1) After World War II, several nations joined forces and creating the United Nations. (2) The U.N. created an eleven-member security council charged with handling threats to world peace. (3) The idea that the maintenance of world peace would rest with all the major powers certainly was a lofty goal. (4) Probably, the goal has never come to fruition. (5) As a result, many critics argue that the U.N. is really just a passive organization that does little to bring about world peace.

1. Which of the following is the best revision of sentence 1? a. After WWII, several nations joining forces and creating the United Nations. b. After WWII, several nations joined forces and created the U.N. c. After WWII, several nations were joining forces and had created the U.N. d. After WWII, several nations had joined forces and were creating the U.N. e. After WWII, several nations joined and created forces and the U.N.

2. In the context of the paragraph, which revision does sentence 4 most need? a. Replace "has" with "may never have." b. Replace "Probably" with "Unfortunately." c. Remove the comma after "Probably." d. Make "goal" plural. e. Add "to" after "has."


 * SAT #53**

1. With the expanded use of email, ** it is** very possible that **in the future** the world **had lost** the will and the desire **to write letters** the old-fashioned way. **No error.**

2. When I look **in the mirror** I ** saw ** a person **who has goals** and who plans on reaching those goals **through hard work, determination,** and desire. **No error.**

SAT #54 **

1. The professor stood in front of the class of college freshmen ** and lectures them ** on punctuality, discipline, and responsibility. a. and lectures them b. and, lectures them c. and, lectured them d. and lectured the m e. and lectured their

2. Manny and Miguel spent all ** night; playing ** their guitars, talking, and writing new music. a. night; playing b. night playin g c. night: playing d. night and were playing e. nights playing

**SAT #55


 * (1) Insurance companies fleece millions and millions of customers each year. (2) They charge people thousands of dollars annually. (3) If a customer has an accident, the company pays for only a portion of the expenses. (4) Furthermore, the insurance company raises the cost of the customer's insurance policy every time he or she makes a claim. (5) There must be something unethical about this practice.

1. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? a. People don't really need insurance. b. The government should intervene to help insurance customers. c. Insurance companies owe it to their customers to process their claims in an efficient manner. d. Insurance companies operate illegally. e. Insurance companies' business practices are unscrupulous.

2. Based on the context of the passage, the word "fleece" in sentence 1 means a. swindl e b. cover c. aid d. develop e. insure **

SAT #56 (1) People often assume that the eagle was the natural and obvious choice to be the national bird of the United States. (2) However, Ben Franklin, one of the nation's founding fathers, had another bird in mind: the turkey. (3) Franklin believed the turkey is a powerful bird that represents America well. (4) The turkey didn't catch on as the national bird, despite his best efforts. (5) If Franklin's bid had been successful, Thanksgiving would be celebrated differently than it is today.

1. Which of the following is the best revision of sentence 3? a. Franklin believes the turkey is a powerful bird that represents America well. b. Franklin believed the turkey was a powerful bird that represents America well. c. Franklin believed the turkey was a powerful bird that represented America well. d. Franklin believed the turkey is a powerful bird that represented America well. e. Franklin believes the turkey is a powerful bird that represented America well.

2. In the context of the paragraph, which of the following revisions does sentence 4 most need? a. Replace "didn't" with "couldn't." b. Place the phrase "despite his best efforts" at the beginning of the sentence. c. Replace the comma with a semicolon. d. Replace "his" with "Franklin's ." e. Replace "despite" with "in spite of."


 * SAT #57**

1. In an attempt to (blank) the uprising, the government (blank) troops to the frontier. a. confess...employed b. digress...convoyed c. regress...conveyed d. suppress...deployed e. fortress...alloyed

2. The (blank) team bounced back from the loss and went on to win the title. a. efficient b. considerate c. resilient d. influential e. salubrious


 * SAT #58**

(1) America's Mars exploration cost hundreds of millions of dollars. (2) To date, we have uncovered no firm evidence of life beyond Earth. (3) I think that such an investment is hardly worthwhile, considering the problems we have here on Earth. (4) Shouldn't we spend our tax dollars on education, defense, and the arts instead of worrying about remote reaches of the solar system? (5) I can't understand what proponents of space exploration are thinking.

1. Which of the following does the author of this passage believe? a. Space exploration is too expensive. b. Money spent on space exploration is creating a budget deficit. c. Money spent on space exploration is driving up the tax rate. d .Money spent on space exploration would be better spent on other projects. e. Money spent on understanding the universe prevents scientists from understanding the earth.

2. In sentence 5, the term "proponents" means a. advocates b. a ntagonists c. scientists d. investors e. researchers


 * SAT #59**

1. Nearly every month, the magazine publishes _ __articles that stir up controversy and enrage half of the magazine's readership. a. sensitive b. provocative c. salutary d. prosaic e. innocuous

2. The cheerful letter Angel sent from the front lines of battle did nothing to__ ___ his mother's fears. a. deconstruct b. absolve c. assuage d. defer e. incite


 * SAT #60**

1. **Soap operas which** seem all the same to me, are full of melodrama, secrets, and romance. a. soap operas which b. soap operas: which c. soap operas, which d. soap operas who e. soap operas that

2. **Clothes from the seventies seems** to have made a big comeback. a. Clothes from the seventies seems b. Clothes from the seventies seem c. Clothes from the seventies had seemed d. Clothes, from the seventies, seems e. Clothes from the seventies seemingly


 * ===Objective: Each day, students will practice for the SAT by identifying sentence errors, completing sentences, practicing reading comprehension, and improving sentences and paragraphs.===

===**//Directions: Copy and paste the practice question(s) for the day onto your own wiki page. Highlight the answers in red. Periodically, I will check to make sure you are completing the task by randomly grading the answers. //**===


 * SAT #61**

(1) In the past few decades, scientists have made remarkable headway in such endeavors as cancer research, epidemiology, and genetics. (2) Animal rights activists often protest the use of animals in scientific research. (3) However, to protest experimentation on lab animals is to protest progress itself. (4) If not for the animals used for decades in labs around the world, cures would go undiscovered and diseases would go untreated. (5) Scientists and researchers would never be able to conduct potentially dangerous experiments on humans.

1. Based on the passage, one can infer that a. animals have no rights b. animals are not protected under the laws of many countries c. scientists do nothing to harm the animals in labs d. the author believes strongly in the necessity of research on lab animals e. the author is making an ironic argument in support of animal activists

2. According to the author, which of the following might be a possible consequence of the discontinuation of research on laboratory animals? a. the inhibition of progress b. the use of plants and fish in lieu of lab animals c. the loss of many research jobs around the world d. a resurgence of protests from anti-animal rights activists e. the unlawful harming of many humans in underdeveloped nations

**SAT #62**

(1) My grandfather frequently rode trains from place to place when he was a young boy. (2) Occasionally he paid for his passage, but more often than not, he hopped inside an empty boxcar and hitched a ride from town to town. (3) He has worked on his train collection for nearly forty years now. (4) He has collected seventy complete train sets, dozens of antique signs, and miscellaneous train and railroad memorabilia. (5) He was even thinking about opening a railroad museum here in town.

1. Which of the following sentences should be added to the beginning of sentence 3? a.  His memories of trains are still with him.  b . Collecting trains can be very expensive . c. Collecting trains can be very profitable. d. Trains are very collectible. e. His memories of riding trains inspired my grandfather to collect trains and train memorabilia.

2. In the context of the passage, which of the following is the best revision of sentence 5? a . He had even thought about opening a railroad museum here in town . b. He had been thinking about opening a railroad museum here in town. c. He is even thinking about opening a railroad museum here in town. d . He started to think about opening a railroad museum here in town . e. He once had even been thinking about opening a railroad museum here in tow ||

Practice #19 Complete the sentences by choosing the best answers. 1. The keynote speaker began his address with a humorous _ that was _ to his presentation. a. anachronism...fortuitous b. abbreviation...conditional c. aberration...instructional d. anomaly...enigmatic e. anecdote...relevan t 2. The computer and software _ donated more than a million dollars to the ASPCA. a. peon b. panhandler c. pauper d. typhoon e. magnat e Practice #20 (1) Sunnydale High was very proud of its standardized test scores, which have risen steadily over the last ten years. (2) In contrast, test scores have actually declined in some school districts in the area. (3) Sunnydale's rising scores are evidence that Sunnydale High is doing a better job of educating students than other schools in the area. (4) The test scores also reflect well on the teachers. 1. Which revision does sentence 1 most need? a. Replace "was" with "had been." b. Replace "was" with "is. " c. Add "which" after "Sunnydale High." d. Add "that" after Sunnydale High. e. Replace "its" with "their." Practice #21 If there is an error, select the bolded part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. 1. The Joneses' schnauzer barked wildly i nside herdoghouse. No error. 2. The amateur hockey players who are going to try out for the Olympics in a few weeks includes several local superstars. No error. Practice #22 Read the passage and choose the best answers to the questions that follow it. (1) Computer technology is advancing so quickly that computer users can hardly keep up without spending lots of money. (2) When someone purchases a top-of-the-line computer, he can be sure that after only a few weeks, his new computer will no longer be cutting edge. (3) A computer that cost over a thousand dollars ten years ago would probably fetch only a few dollars at a garage sale today. (4) Companies often stop providing tech support for programs that are only a few years old, making them even more impractical. 1. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? a. There is no point in buying a computer. b. Computers are smart investments for people hoping to resell them at a profit. c. Rapid advances in computer technology make it hard to stay up-to-dat e. d. The cost of computers does not equal the power of computers. e. It's best to shop for computers at garage sales.2. Which of the following would be the best conclusion for the passage? a. People determined to stay up-to-date should be ready to spend quite a bit of money. b. Buying computers is largely impractica l. c. People should purchase top-of-the-line computers if they can. d. Someone who wanted to open a computer store would make millions if she sold new technology at low prices. e. Someone insistent on buying a computer should expect either to spend a fortune or be stuck with inferior technology. Practice #23 1. The morning exercise class and the afternoon yoga class attracted so many participants that the manager of the health club was forced to hire another exercise instructor and another yoga instructor. No error. 2. One of the main reasons cities have begun enforcing bans on smoking are to protect the health of those who do not smoke and to reduce air pollution. No error.Practice #24 (1) The spirit of competition is often the ostensible reason that high schools offer competitive extracurricular activities. (2) However, one might argue that competitive activities really exist to generate revenue for the school and promote its name. (3) Sports like football and basketball draw thousands of people to the stands each year, generating profits for the school. (4) Other competitive activities, such as debate, showcase students for colleges and universities. (5) Such competitions are nothing more than free advertisement and shameless self-promotion for schools. 1. The author of the paragraph above can best be described as which of the following? a. supportive of competitive extracurricular activities b. cynical about the legitimacy of the results of competitions c. supportive of schools' motivations for sponsoring competitive extracurricular activities d. cynical about schools' motivations for sponsoring competitive extracurricular activitie s e. ambivalent about the role of competitive extracurricular activities. 2. In sentence 1, "ostensible" means a. subversive b. submersed c. apparen t d. contradictory e. without reservation Practice #25 Choose the error. 1. The new deli, on the corner with the great pastrami sandwiches, gets many of its customers from the office building across the street. No error 2. Maggie ran down the stairs, darted out the door, trippedover the skateboard, and scrapes her knee on the hard concrete. No error. Practice #26 Choose the answer that most improves the bolded portion of the original sentence. 1. Sometimes the house gets so disorganized and messy; we need a professional cleaning crew. a. Sometimes the house gets so disorganized and messy; we b. Sometimes the house gets so disorganized and messy: we c. Sometimes the house gets so disorganized and messy. We d. Sometimes the house gets so disorganized and messy because we e. Sometimes the house gets so disorganized and messy that w e 2. My uncle played baseball in the minor leagues not only in the United States and in Japan. a. not only in the United States and in Japan b. not only in the United States after in Japan c. not only in the United States and in Japan in addition d. not only in the United States but also in Japa n e. not only just in the United States but also in Japan, too Practice #27 (1) Before steam engines were used in the construction of railroads, railroad workers put down track by hand and then hammered the spikes. (2) According to legend, a man named John Henry could drive spikes faster than any other worker. (3) Eventually technology improved. (4) Steam power was applied to a device that drove spikes. (5) Promoters arranged for John Henry to compete in a railroad-spike-driving contest against the steam-powered device. (6) Ultimately, John Henry wins the competition. 1. Which of the following sentences is the best combination of sentence 3 and 4? a. Eventually the technology was applied to the device that improved spike driving. b. The spike-driving device eventually improved as the technology improved and steam power was applied. c. Technology improved, and a steam-powered device to drive spikes was invente d. d. As the spike-driving device became steam-powered, technology eventually evolved. e. As steam technology eventually improved, spike-driving technology was applied. 2. Which of the following revisions does sentence 6 most need? a. Replace "wins" with "won ." b. Replace "wins" with "will win." c. Remove the comma after "Ultimately." d. Replace "Ultimately" with "Therefore." e. Replace "Ultimately" with "Additionally." Practice #28 1. The scholar believed it was his duty to _ the masses by telling them about his revolutionary _. a. deprecate...enigma b. incarcerate...policyc. subjugate...jargon d. enlighten...doctrin e e. dominate...proselytized 2. The career counselor says that in the current economy, it is _ to apply for several jobs instead of holding out for the ideal job. a. reprehensible b. gratifying c. pruden t d. indispensable e. audacious Practice #29 (1) Some people complain that film actors make too much money. (2) What these people don't understand is that most actors are worth their exorbitant salaries. (3) Even terrible movies can be salvaged by a great actor in a lead or supporting role, so it's no wonder that top actors command millions of dollars per movie. (4) If a movie that costs $150 million to make grosses $225 million because Hollywood's hottest leading man starred in it, that leading man's $5 million salary was a great investment. (5) People who complain about highly paid professions like actors and actresses simply haven't thought about the economics of making a hit film. 1. One can infer from the passage that great actors a. have a fair market value of $5 million b. can overcome flawed script s c. pale in comparison to state-of-the-art special effects d. drive hard-working people away from theaters 2. The author of the passage implies that those people who object to actors' high salaries a. rarely go to the moviesb. are jealous of the actors' wealth c. misunderstand the lifestyles actors must lead d. lack the business sense to comprehend the actors' true valu e e. have no way of comprehending what $5 million can buy Practice #30 Choose the error. 1. M e and herwent to dinner, to the movies, to the coffee shop, and then to the lake to watch the sunrise. No error. 2. The scientist was flabbergasted when he read the final report, which verified that the element was made of string cheese. No error. Practice #31 1. The residents of the _ region performed a rain dance and were rewarded with a _. a. parched...heat b. scorched...validation c. saturated...monsoon d. arid...deluge e. barren...consecration 2. The waitstaff always fights to serve Ms. Pratt, an extravagant tipper who is famous for her _. a. miserliness b. efficiency c. deliberation d. largess e. consternation Practice #32 Choose the answer that most improves the portion in bold. 1. Determine to make his mark in the business world, Larry went to grad school to get his M.B.A. a. Determine b. Determination c. By determining d. Because of determining e. Determined 2. Remember that movie stars, however snotty and bratty they are now, was once a regular person just like everyone else. a. was once a regular person b. were once a regular person c. was once regular people d. once, as a regular person, e. were once regular peop lePractice #33 (1) Despite the relative reluctance of Americans to adopt it, soccer is the most popular sport in the world and has been for several decades. (2) Soccer, which is called "football" in most places, has few rules compared with such sports as baseball. (3) Also, in contract to baseball and American football, soccer games have few pauses in the action. (4) Soccer scores aren't as high as scores are in American sports, but many people consider that an exciting feature of the game, because the occasional goal are that much more thrilling. 1. Which of the following is true of the paragraph? a. The author likes soccer. b. The author is not an American. c. The author presents the information in an objective manne r. d. The author is biased against American sports. e. The author is biased against soccer. 2. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? a. Soccer is more popular in Europe than American football is. b. Soccer is a great sport, despite its unpopularity in Americ a. c. Baseball and basketball will need overhauls if they are to compete on the world stage with soccer. d. Soccer is an all-around better sport than any other in the world. e. Soccer is the simplest sport in the world. Practice #34 Choose the error. 1. People shouldn't neverpump gas while a car's engine is running, because of the possibility of a spark causing a fire. No error 2. When Alicia arrivedhome, she found that the dogs had got into the trash and spilled it everywhere. No error Practice #35 Choose the answer that most improves the bolded portion of the sentence. 1. I had a dream that I turned into a cartoon character and a guy with an eraser had chased me for hours. a. had chased b. have chased c. did chase d. chased e. has chased 2. Silent movies usemusic, actors' expressions to convey emotions. a. music, actors' b. music, along with actors' c. music, together with actors' d. music but actors' e. music and actors' Practice #36 (1) College tuitions are soaring, leaving many parents wondering if they will be able to afford higher education for their children. (2) Cutbacks in government aid combined with skyrocketing tuition are making it unfeasible even for families of moderate wealth to fully fund their children's educations. (3) In America, people say that you can be anything you want to be. (4) But getting an education is crucial if you hope to achieve the American dream. 1. With which of the following statements would the author of this passage most likely agree? a. The government should help students pay for college. b. The cost of a college education is unreasonable. c. Borrowing money for college may be the answer to rising education costs. d. An education is not necessary to succeed in America. e. High school students should think twice about going to college. 2. In sentence 2, the word "unfeasible" means a. possible b. unworkable c. indescribable d. indiscernible e. irreconcilable Practice #19 Complete the sentences by choosing the best answers. 1. The keynote speaker began his address with a humorous _ that was _ to his presentation. a. anachronism...fortuitous b. abbreviation...conditional c. aberration...instructional d. anomaly...enigmatic e. anecdote...relevant 2. The computer and software _ donated more than a million dollars to the ASPCA. a. peon b. panhandler c. pauper d. typhoon e. magnate Practice #20 (1) Sunnydale High was very proud of its standardized test scores, which have risen steadily over the last ten years. (2) In contrast, test scores have actually declined in some school districts in the area. (3) Sunnydale's rising scores are evidence that Sunnydale High is doing a better job of educating students than other schools in the area. (4) The test scores also reflect well on the teachers. 1. Which revision does sentence 1 most need? a. Replace "was" with "had been." b. Replace "was" with "is." c. Add "which" after "Sunnydale High." d. Add "that" after Sunnydale High. e. Replace "its" with "their." Practice #21 If there is an error, select the bolded part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. 1. The Joneses' schnauzer barked wildly inside her doghouse. No error. 2. The amateur hockey players who are going to try out for the Olympics in a few weeks includes several local superstars. No error. Practice #22Read the passage and choose the best answers to the questions that follow it. (1) Computer technology is advancing so quickly that computer users can hardly keep up without spending lots of money. (2) When someone purchases a top-of-the-line computer, he can be sure that after only a few weeks, his new computer will no longer be cutting edge. (3) A computer that cost over a thousand dollars ten years ago would probably fetch only a few dollars at a garage sale today. (4) Companies often stop providing tech support for programs that are only a few years old, making them even more impractical. 1. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? a. There is no point in buying a computer. b. Computers are smart investments for people hoping to resell them at a profit. c. Rapid advances in computer technology make it hard to stay up-to-date. d. The cost of computers does not equal the power of computers. e. It's best to shop for computers at garage sales. 2. Which of the following would be the best conclusion for the passage? a. People determined to stay up-to-date should be ready to spend quite a bit of money. b. Buying computers is largely impractical. c. People should purchase top-of-the-line computers if they can. d. Someone who wanted to open a computer store would make millions if she sold new technology at low prices. e. Someone insistent on buying a computer should expect either to spend a fortune or be stuck with inferior technology. Practice #23 1. The morning exercise class and the afternoon yoga class attracted so many participants that the manager of the health club was forced to hire another exercise instructor and another yoga instructor. No error. 2. One of the main reasons cities have begun enforcing bans on smoking are to protect the health of those who do not smoke and to reduce air pollution. No error. Practice #24 (1) The spirit of competition is often the ostensible reason that high schools offer competitive extracurricular activities. (2) However, one might argue that competitive activities really exist to generate revenue for the school and promote its name. (3) Sports like football and basketball draw thousands of people to the stands each year, generating profits for the school. (4) Other competitive activities, such as debate, showcase students for colleges and universities. (5) Such competitions are nothing more than free advertisement and shameless self-promotion for schools. 1. The author of the paragraph above can best be described as which of the following? a. supportive of competitive extracurricular activities b. cynical about the legitimacy of the results of competitions c. supportive of schools' motivations for sponsoring competitive extracurricular activities d. cynical about schools' motivations for sponsoring competitive extracurricular activities e. ambivalent about the role of competitive extracurricular activities. 2. In sentence 1, "ostensible" means a. subversive b. submersed c. apparent d. contradictory e. without reservationPractice #25 Choose the error. 1. The new deli, on the corner with the great pastrami sandwiches, gets many of its customers from the office building across the street. No error 2. Maggie ran down the stairs, darted out the door, tripped over the skateboard,and scrapes her knee on the hard concrete. No error Practice #26 Choose the answer that most improves the bolded portion of the original sentence. 1. Sometimes the house gets so disorganized and messy; we need a professional cleaning crew. a. Sometimes the house gets so disorganized and messy; we b. Sometimes the house gets so disorganized and messy: we c. Sometimes the house gets so disorganized and messy. We d. Sometimes the house gets so disorganized and messy because we e. Sometimes the house gets so disorganized and messy that we 2. My uncle played baseball in the minor leagues not only in the United States and in Japan. a. not only in the United States and in Japan b. not only in the United States after in Japan c. not only in the United States and in Japan in addition d. not only in the United States but also in Japan e. not only just in the United States but also in Japan, too Practice #27 (1) Before steam engines were used in the construction of railroads, railroad workers put down track by hand and then hammered the spikes. (2) According to legend, a man named John Henry could drive spikes faster than any other worker. (3) Eventually technology improved. (4) Steam power was applied to a device that drove spikes. (5) Promoters arranged for John Henry to compete in a railroad-spike-driving contest against the steam-powered device. (6) Ultimately, John Henry wins the competition. 1. Which of the following sentences is the best combination of sentence 3 and 4? a. Eventually the technology was applied to the device that improved spike driving. b. The spike-driving device eventually improved as the technology improved and steam power was applied. c. Technology improved, and a steam-powered device to drive spikes was invented. d. As the spike-driving device became steam-powered, technology eventually evolved. e. As steam technology eventually improved, spike-driving technology was applied. 2. Which of the following revisions does sentence 6 most need? a. Replace "wins" with "won." b. Replace "wins" with "will win." c. Remove the comma after "Ultimately." d. Replace "Ultimately" with "Therefore." e. Replace "Ultimately" with "Additionally." Practice #1: August 13th, 2009 Highlight the error. If there is no error, mark E. 1. Despite the home team's best effort, the visitor's played hard and won by forty points. 2. The new carpenters on the TV design show, who are very knowledgeable in their fields, use many different power tools. Practice #2: August 14th, 2009 Complete the sentences by choosing the best answers. 1. The singer's lyrics, which prompted much analysis, turned out to be nothing more than randomly assembled phrases from commercials the singer likes. a. sinister b. reasonable c. cryptic d. divergent e. divulging 2. The needle of the pressure gauge indicated that an explosion was. a. formidable b. ostensiblec. imminent d. irreconcilable e. diametrical formidable: inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large ostensible:stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so imminent:about to happen irreconcilable: any of two or more ideas, facts, or statements that cannot be made compatible diametrical:used to emphasize how completely different two or more things arePractice #3 Read the passage and chose the best answers to the questions that follow it. (1) America is dependent on foreign oil, a fact that dismays many Americans. (2) Hybrid cars, most of which run on gasoline or diesel and electricity, can help America reduce its dependence on foreign oil. (3) They also reduce pollution. (4) Energy sources like electricity and solar power cut down on the harmful emissions that contribute to allergy-aggravating smog. (5) Lobbyists say that eventually hybrid cars will be just as affordable as gasoline-powered and diesel-powered vehicles. (6) However, the auto industry contends that the cost of research and development of hybrids will drive the price of the product higher than consumers will accept. 1. Which of the following is true about the author of the passage? a. The author is probably sympathetic to the auto industry. b. The author is probably in favor of the use of hybrids. c. The author is probably annoyed by lobbyists. d. The author has probably participated in studies on the effectiveness of hybrid cars. e. The author probably knows someone who purchased a hybrid. 2. The passage implies that many Americans a. dislike the fact that the U.S. depends on foreign electricity and solar power b. dislike the fact that U.S. is independent of foreign countries c. appreciate the fact that lobbyists are working hard to reduce smog nationwide d. disapprove of America's reliance on foreign oil e. have test-driven hybrids Practice #3 Read the passage and chose the best answers to the questions that follow it. (1) America is dependent on foreign oil, a fact that dismays many Americans. (2) Hybrid cars, most o which run on gasoline or diesel and electricity, can help America reduce its dependence on foreign oil. (3) They also reduce pollution. (4) Energy sources like electricity and solar power cut down on the harmful emissions that contribute to allergy-aggravating smog. (5) Lobbyists say that eventually hybrid cars will be just as affordable as gasoline-powered and diesel-powered vehicles. (6) However, the auto industry contends that the cost of research and development of hybrids will drive the price of the product higher than consumers will accept. 1. Which of the following is true about the author of the passage? a. The author is probably sympathetic to the auto industry. b. The author is probably in favor of the use of hybrids. c. The author is probably annoyed by lobbyists. d. The author has probably participated in studies on the effectiveness of hybrid cars. e. The author probably knows someone who purchased a hybrid. 2. The passage implies that many Americans a. dislike the fact that the U.S. depends on foreign electricity and solar power b. dislike the fact that U.S. is independent of foreign countries c. appreciate the fact that lobbyists are working hard to reduce smog nationwide d. disapprove of America's reliance on foreign oil e. have test-driven hybrids Practice #4 Complete the sentences by choosing the best answers. 1. The _ workers never held a job for more than a few weeks. a. inseparable b. transcendent c. transient d. forthcoming e. indispensable 2. The poor cousin tiptoes around the house with a meek, air. a. simplistic b. superior c. subliminal d. subservient e. subject Practice #5 Complete the answer the most improves the underlined portion of the original sentence. If the original sentence does not have an error, choose (A). 1. The herd of zebras move across the plains of the Serengeti with speed and grace. a. move b. moves c. moved d. moving e. was moving 2. There once was a Roman emperor, who, did nothing but sit around all day long and feed the pigeons. a. emperor, who,b. emperor, whom, c. emperor, that, d. emperor, which, e. emperor who Practice #6 Read the passage and choose the best answers to the questions that follow it. (1) It seems that every out-of-work celebrity ends up hosting a talk show. (2) Unfortunately, talk show careers usually last only a few months. (3) Usually these celebrity talk shows book other underemployed celebrities to come on as guests. (4) Talk shows often amount to nothing more than bad publicity for the hosts. (5) Therefore, as they say in show business, any publicity (even bad publicity) is good publicity. 1. Which of the following revisions does the paragraph most need? (a) Add the word "typically" to sentences 4 and 5. (b) Delete the word "usually" from several sentences.(c) Place the last sentence of the paragraph at the beginning of the paragraph. (d) Change the tense of the verbs to past tense.(e) Change the tense of the verbs to future tense. 2. In the context of the paragraph, which of the following revisions does sentence 5 most need? (a) Replace "Therefore" with "Whatever" (b) Replace "Therefore" with "Still." (c) Replace "is" with "was." (d) Add a colon after "business." (e) Offset "Therefore" with quotation marks. Practice #7 Complete the sentences by choosing the best answers. 1. Frank couldn't tell whether the columnist was being, or whether she was serious about her unusual opinions.a. arcane b. defunct c. prolific d. expository e. sarcastic 2. The company brought together its best engineers to _ on a plan that would _ the performance of many of its products. a. collaborate...enhance b. perforate...improve c. exasperate...deviate d. exacerbate...confound e. enervate...advance Practice #8 (1) Nearly all scientists agree that global warming is melting the world's largest glacial structures and causing water levels to rise. (2) Researchers estimate that the earth's water levels, particularly, in seas and oceans, rise a fraction of an inch each year. (3) If the ice caps continue to melt, the gulf stream could be affected. The term "glacial structures" most likely refers to which of the following? a. frozen tundra b. polar ice caps c. mountain ice and snowd. intercontinental glaciers e. frozen lakes Practice #9 Choose the answer that most improves the underlined portion of the original sentence. If the original sentence does not have an error, choose (a). 1. Once the expiration date on the milk has passed, it would be prudent to dispose of the old milk. a. would be prudent to dispose b. would have been prudent to have disposed c. would be, prudent to dispose, d. was prudent to dispose e. might would be prudent to dispose 2. Jenny's piggy bank, fell from the shelf and shattered into a thousand tiny pieces. a. bank, fell b. bank, falls c. bank falls d. bank that fell e. bank fell Practice #10If there is an error, choose the one underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. 1. The local veterinarian said he won't never do any medical work on an animal larger than a small horse or small cow because he didn't specialize in that type of medicine in college. No error. 2. Carol bought a brand new blanket for the baby, w hich was blue. No error. Practice #11Read the passage and choose the best answers to the questions that follow it. (1) There are many ways to figure out whether you will be successful at a particular endeavor. (2) One way to research the outcomes of other similar endeavors. (3) This could help you determine your odds of success. (4) Therefore, statistics are of only marginal assistance without smart analysis. 1. In the context of the paragraph, which of the following is the best revision for sentence 2? a. One way to research the outcomes of other similar endeavors is: b. One way, is to research the outcomes, of other similar endeavors. c. One way is to research the outcomes of other similar endeavors. d. Some ways are to research the outcomes of other similar endeavors. e. One way perhaps to research the outcomes of other similar endeavors. 2. Which of the following revisions does sentence 4 most need? a. Replace "Therefore" with "Perhaps." b. Replace "Therefore" with "However." c. Offset "without smart analysis" with commas. d. Replace "are" with "were." e. Remove the comma after "Therefore." Practice #12 Read the passage and choose the best answer that follows it. (1) If I could travel back in time and found any company or industry, I would choose the bottled water industry. (2) This industry has a brilliant strategy: take water that costs a few pennies, bottle it in plastic containers that cost a few pennies, and then sell it for about a dollar a bottle. (3) That is pure genius. (4) The best part is that many bottled waters are actually dirtier than tap water. (5) But because of clever marketing campaigns, most people think all bottled water comes from the purest mountain streams. 1. Which of the following is the main idea of the paragraph? a. Consumers are so naive that industries often take advantage of them. b. The bottled water industry has a brilliant business plan. c. The author would like to buy stock in bottled water companies. d. The bottled water industry should be prosecuted. e. The bottled water that most people enjoy is exactly the same as tape water in both taste and content. Practice #13 Complete the sentences by choosing the best answers.1. The witness's statement originally seemed devastating for the defense, but things looked up when she on Thursday. a. recanted b. recounted c. reminisced d. reminded e. revisited 2. Despite the many that greet each new novel he publishes, Mr. King remains remarkably. a. awards...pompous b. accolades...humble c. admonitions...pessimistic d. honors...haughty e. criticisms...defeated Practice #14 If there is an error, choose the one underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. 1. Bess will mail the package to her cousin in Atlanta fourteen long days before the fragile package arrived. No Error. 2. Video games have gotten more and more realistic every year; when I was a kid, for example, the most high-tech game is Pac-Man. No Error. Practice #15 Read the passage and choose the best answer to the question that follows it. (1) The local library has requested a fifteen percent increase in its budget for next year. (2) Without the additional funds, according to a library spokesperson, the library will not be able to expand its collection of literature. (3) Many people say that before the budget is approved, the community should be allowed to vote on the use of the funds. (4) Others oppose the increase because they argue that the growth of the local library will affect local merchants who sell books. (5) If local merchants lose sales, they say, the town will lose tax revenues, and everyone will suffer. 1. Based on the information Type in the passage, which content of the following conclusions can be drawn? a. Local business owners do not support the library. b. The library wants to buy more books. c. The fifteen percent budgetary increase is relatively small. d. The fifteen percent budgetary increase is relatively high. e. The city's budget could be devastated because of a loss of revenue from local bookstores. Practice #16 Complete the sentences by choosing the best answers. 1. After listening to the prisoner's passionate pleas, Judge Jim decided to grant the man _ _. a. platitude b. vengeance c. vulnerability d. viscosity e. clemency 2. The _ clues were discovered when the famous detective conducted a _ investigation. a. unmistakable...enthusiastic b. mysterious...meticulous c. shrouded...thorough d. hidden...thorough e. faint...painstaking Practice #17 Choose the answer the most improves the bolded portion of the original sentence. 1. She thought she had bought temporary dye ; therefore, her hair was bright orange for three months, so it seemed she's made a mistake. a. ; therefore, her hair b. ; and, her hair c. , and, her hair d. ; thus, her hair e. , but her hair 2. Dogs are man's best friend, except when the dog scratches the sofa or soils the carpet. a. Dogs are man's best friend b. Dogs are men's best friend c. dogs are man's best friends d. Dogs were man's best friend e. A dog is man's best friend Practice #18 Read the passage and choose the best answer to the question that follows it. (1) Meteorological technology has progressed in leaps and bounds in the last half-century. (2) Meteorologists today have access to instruments that scientists of days past could only dream of. (3) They use information gathered by satellites, airplanes, and high-tech gadgets and gizmos placed around the world. (4) In recent years, the technology of meteorology has improved, the science of meteorology has evolved. but one thing remains the same. 1. Based on the rest of the paragraph, which of the following is the best choice for the final sentence of the paragraph?a. Therefore, meteorology must be the most precise science of the last half-century. b. The ability to predict the weather must also be improving. c. The weather is still unpredictable. d. The weather has changed over the last half-century, too, so the science of meteorology must continue to change. e. Weather forecasts should return to school to earn their degrees in meteorology. New Start from October 15th Practice #19 Complete the sentences by choosing the best answers. 1. The keynote speaker began his address with a humorous _ that was _ to his presentation. a. anachronism...fortuitous b. abbreviation...conditional c. aberration...instructional d. anomaly...enigmatic e. anecdote...relevant 2. The computer and software _ donated more than a million dollars to the ASPCA. a. peon b. panhandler c. pauper d. typhoon e. magnate - a wealthy and influential person. esp. in business Literary Terms Log Term Definition Examples (three) archetype -a very typical example of a certain person or thing -an original that has been imitated -a recurrent symbol or motif in literature Murderer Warrior Diva1.Characters such as a warrior or knight is a type of archetypical character. 2. Edgar Allan Poe uses murderers as an archetype character in his short stories such as Tell Tale Hearts, Cask of Amontillado, and The Fall of the House of Usher. 3. Famous archetype characters are used in William Shakespeare's works such as Romeo and Juliet. plain style -a way of writing that stresses simplicity and clarity of expression. -Puritan writing -Ernest Hemingway -Francis Bacon paradox -a statement that appears self-contradictory but reveals a kind of truth -Emily Dickinson - Candide -Oscar Wilde extended metaphor -metaphor that is extended or developed over a number of lines or with several examples -Emily Dickinson -"strong as an ox" -Tim O'Brien's,Where Have You Gone, Charming Billy -many poems Figures of Speech -words or phrases that compare one thing to another, unlike thing -similes-comparison using “like” or”as” -metaphor-comparison -personification-giving something nonhuman human characteristics -”the hand of God” or “Hell’s wide gaping mouth” -"falling in love" -"racking our brains" -"hitting a sales target" (http://grammar.about.com/od/rhetoricstyle/a/20figures.htm ) irony the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect -Candide -Oedipus Rex -Julius Cesear motivation the reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way -Harry Potter -Many of the Disney Movies -"Dreamer" -moviedynamic character major character in a work of fiction who encounters conflict and is changed by it. -tend to be more fully developed and described than flat, or static, characters -changes throughout the story -Oepdipus Rex -Scrooge -Reverand Halescharacter relief -inclusion of a humorous character, scene or witty dialogue in an otherwise serious work, often to relieve tension -The actors in a Midsummer Night's Dream -Simba and Timone In The Lion King - Harry Potter, Fred and George symbol a thing that represents or stand for something else, esp. a material object representing something abstract -the cross --> Christ, Christianity -Kafka's Metamorphosis The main character turning into an insect symbolized his dehumanized condition -KKK symbolized the notorious radical attackers of the Southern people in America Inference conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning 1. Seeing the knife stabbed into Abigail's stomach, Danforth inferred that someone else had stabbed her directly or indirectly 2. Hearing Jungna scream excitedly when she received her test back inferred that Jungna did very well on her test. 3.In Edgar Allen Poe's Tell Tale Hearts, police officers and neighbors came to examine the Old Man's house because of suspicious noises, however, when the servant faked the situation by making everything seem normal, the visitors inferred nothing was going on. Aphorism pithy observation that contains a general truth, such as,"if it ain't broke, don't fix it." 1."If you always do what you always did, you will always get what you always got." ("Moms" Mabley) 2."Expect nothing. Live frugally on surprise."(Alice Walker) 3. If you see the teeth of the lion, do not think that the lion is msiling at you. (Al-Mutanabi) persuasion the action or fact of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something 1.nonfiction story such as "Blink" persuades the readers to use our unconscious mind and make choices on our rapid, unnoticed actions rather than deeply analyzing or over thinking. 2.Jonathan Edward's "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" persuades all Christians to take strong belief in Christianity, and emphasizes the dark, evil image of hell 3.Martin Luther King Junior makes a speech about racism and how people should be treated equally regarding their own skin color and race. rhetorical question questions asked intended to persuade or impress 1."How much longer must our people endure this injustice?" 2. "If you prick us, do we not bleed, if you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die?" (Shylock in William Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice)" -3.Marriage is a wonderful institution, but who would want to live in an institution?" (H.L. Mencken) allusion an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference 1."It has rained so long, it seems as though it has rained for 40 days and nights." 2."In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, the part where Dumbledore cannot drink the water is an allusion to Tantalus in Greek (I think) mythology." ( http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090716223359AAlGwMG ) 3. Famous painter Andy Warhol described his painting," analogy a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification 1.Ms. Jacob is to teacher as Sejin is to student 2. Writing a book of poetry is like dropping a rose petal down the Grand Canyon and waiting for the echo." -Don Marquis 3. "MTV is to music as KFC is to chicken." -Lewis Black ( http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/analogy.htm ) anecdote a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person 1. "The Whistle," by Ben. Franklin 2. A parable from the Bible 3. "Two Kind of People," by Ella Wheeler Wikcox counterclaim a claim made to rebut a previous claim 1. used in court - used by the defendants for a civil proceeding 2. speeches that Presidents make when the opposing party imposes an issue 3. Debaters use this skill when they are rebutting the opposing side mood temporary state of mind or feeling; the atmosphere or pervading tone of something especially a work of art 1. "Life is full of misery, loneliness, and suffering--and it's all over much too soon." (Woody Allen) 2."Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can o for your country." (President John F. Kennedy) 3."If I were rich, I'd have the time that I lack to sit in the synagogue and pray." (Fiddler On the Roof)http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/moodterm.htm tone overall quality of a musical or vocal sound; in literature as well 1. The tone of the novel Dr. Jekyll and Hyde was mysterious, dark, and gloomy 2. Examples of tones: ambivalent, fawning, outraged, pensive, regretful etc. 3. Various tones in the book Candide, showing sarcasm, innocence, and mockery allegory story,poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one 1. Pilgrim's Progress -allegory of a spiritual journey 2. Animal Farm 3. Chronicles Of Narnia, the character Aslan is an allegory of Christ meter the rhythm of a piece of poetry, determined by the number and length of feet in a line 1. Iambic - "That time of year thou mayst in me behold" 2. Trochaic - "Tell me not in mournful numbers" 3. Spondaic-"Break, break, break/ on thy cold gray stones, o sea!http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/meter.html personification the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form 1."My computer hates me" 2. "The Camera Loves me" http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/personification-examples-2848.html 3. "Cross of Snow" and 'The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls" -poems we read in class alliteration occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words 1. "Dewdrops Dancing Down Daises" -by Paul Mcann 2."Cipher Connected" -by Paul Mcann 3. "Wisdoms Wings" -by Paul Mcann onomatopoeia fomation of a word from a sound associated with what is named 1. woof 2. meow 3. moorhyme scheme the ordered pattern of rhymes at the ends of the poem or verse 1. Edgar Allen Poe's "Alone" poem 2. " There once was a big brown cat" 3. Edgar Allen Poe's "Raven" poem imagery visually descriptive or figurative language esp. in literary work 1. the icy cold bench in a snowy winter day 2. clickedy-clack, clickedy clack, my mother's high heels hearing from the distance 3. a pepper that you accidentally eat that pierces in your mouth and feels like your tongue is on fire page here. free verse poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter.1. Jacobean dramatists 2. T.S. Eliot3. Hart Crane cadence a modulation or inflection of the voice 1. melodic series of chords 2. concerto 3.drmline